Extreme weather is climate change in action. Warmer air can hold more moisture than colder air, resulting in stronger storms that can release record rain and snowfall. Drought can be intensified, as higher temperatures boost evaporation and precipitation patterns change. Higher temperatures are also making wildfire season longer and more intense as well as causing seawater to expand and glacial ice to melt. This leads to rising sea levels, which can trigger storm surges, erosion, and flooding.

Today, scary terms like “bomb cyclone,” “atmospheric river,” and “firenado,” formerly the jargon of meteorologists and weather geeks, have become mainstream as they happen more often.

Extreme weather can profoundly damage communities and impact human health in a wide variety of ways. Extreme heat has been linked to increased hospital admissions for respiratory and heart problems. Heat waves exacerbate air pollution, which in turn can result in asthma attacks, increased vulnerability to infections, and even lung cancer, heart attacks, and stroke, further straining health care systems. Wildfire smoke contains soot pollution, also known as PM2.5 or particle pollution, which is a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Air pollution is especially dangerous for babies, children, and the elderly.

Communities of color and communities below the poverty line are often affected first and worst by climate disasters and bear a disproportionate burden of extreme weather. When it comes to extreme heat, places across the United States with large Black populations experience higher temperatures on average. They are more likely to live in areas with high levels of air pollution, limited access to green spaces, and inadequate infrastructure for cooling. This is especially true in urban settings crowded with buildings, full of heat-absorbing concrete, and without cooling vegetation like trees.

Outdoor workers in the U.S. are up to 35 times more likely to die from heat exposure than the general population. Hispanic or Latino individuals are disproportionately represented in the outdoor workforce.

Although extreme weather has been part of the meteorological system for millions of years, human-caused climate change is triggering increasingly extreme and frequent events in ways never before seen in human history. Greenhouse gases from the combustion of fossil fuels are making much of our planet hotter and wetter, and we are now experiencing more severe heat waves, fiercer wildfires, wilder hurricanes, heavier floods, and drier droughts.

Not only does extreme weather cost billions to society, it can also spread disease and displace families. Mold and contamination are of concern in flooded homes and schools. Drought can impact drinking water, agriculture, and air quality too. Extreme weather disasters can also trigger mental health problems.

This is why Moms Clean Air Force works tirelessly on cutting climate pollution, demanding our agencies and elected officials continue to invest in clean energy, clean cars, and clean air and act on climate today. In 2022, we celebrated the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act after 18 months advocating for critical climate provisions in this bill. Many of these funds were allocated in 2023 and 2024 to clean air, energy, and transportation projects across the country, but Trump moved to unconstitutionally freeze the remaining money, and Congress closed many of the clean energy programs included in the Inflation Reduction Act at the end of 2025.