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Sources: The Problem With Plastics Recycling

Ambio: The Potential Effects of Microplastics on Human Health: What Is Known and What Is Unknown
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8800959

Annals of Global Health: The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10038118/

Atlantic: How Bad Are Plastics, Really?
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2022/01/plastic-history-climate-change/621033/

Bleecker Street Research: PureCycle: “It Looks as Bad as It Smells”
https://www.bleeckerstreetresearch.com/research/pct-update

Cambridge Prisms: Plastics: Hazardous Chemicals in Recycled and Reusable Plastic Food Packaging
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/BBDE514AAFE9F1ABB3D677927B343342/S2755094X2300007Xa.pdf

CBS News: Critics Call Out Plastics Industry Over Recycling “Fraud”
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/critics-call-out-plastics-industry-over-recycling-fraud/

Center for Climate Integrity: The Fraud of Plastics Recycling
https://climateintegrity.org/plastics-fraud

Center for International Environmental Law: Reducing Plastic Production to Achieve Climate Goals
https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Reducing-Plastic-Production-to-Achieve-Climate-Goals_Sept21_V5.pdf

eBioMedicine: Multimodal Detection and Analysis of Microplastics in Human Thrombi From Multiple Anatomically Distinct Sites
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(24)00153-1/fulltext

Environment International: Downsides of the Recycling Process: Harmful Organic Chemicals in Children’s Toys
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160412014000038

Environment International: Plasticenta: First Evidence of Microplastics in Human Placenta
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33395930/

Environmental Health: Impacts of Food Contact Chemicals on Human Health
https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-020-0572-5

Environmental Health: Potential Health Impact of Microplastics: A Review of Environmental Distribution, Human Exposure, and Toxic Effects
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/envhealth.3c00052

Environmental Science and Technology Letters: Directly Fluorinated Containers as a Source of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00083″>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00083

EPA: New International Requirements for the Export and Import of Plastic Recyclables and Waste
https://www.epa.gov/hwgenerators/new-international-requirements-export-and-import-plastic-recyclables-and-waste

EPA: Recycling Infrastructure and Market Opportunities Map
https://www.epa.gov/circulareconomy/recycling-infrastructure-and-market-opportunities-map

Greenpeace: Circular Claims Fall Flat Again
https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/reports/circular-claims-fall-flat-again/

Greenpeace: Forever Toxic: The Science on Health Threats From Plastic Recycling
https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/reports/forever-toxic/

Inside Climate News: Plastic Recycling Plant Could Send Toxic ‘Forever Chemicals’ Into the Susquehanna River, Polluting a Vital Drinking Water Source
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/11042023/encina-pfas-forever-chemicals-susquehanna-river/

Journal of Cleaner Production: Corporate Self-commitments to Mitigate the Global Plastic Crisis: Recycling Rather Than Reduction and Reuse
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652621007915

Journal of Environmental Management: U.S. Plastic Waste Exports: A State-by-State Analysis Pre- and Post-China Import Ban
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301479723013920

Journal of Hazardous Materials: An Overview of Chemical Additives Present in Plastics: Migration, Release, Fate and Environmental Impact During Their Use, Disposal and Recycling
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438941730763X?via%3Dihub

Journal of Hazardous Materials: Unpacking the Complexity of the PET Drink Bottles Value Chain
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389422001984

Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances: The Potential for a Plastic Recycling Facility to Release Microplastic Pollution and Possible Filtration Remediation Effectiveness
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772416623000803?via%3Dihub

Last Beach Cleanup: The Real Truth About the U.S. Plastics Recycling Rate
https://www.lastbeachcleanup.org/_files/ugd/dba7d7_9450ed6b848d4db098de1090df1f9e99.pdf

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine: Reckoning With the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste
https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26132/reckoning-with-the-us-role-in-global-ocean-plastic-waste

Nature: Landmark Study Links Microplastics to Serious Health Problems
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00650-3

Nature: More Than 4,000 Plastic Chemicals Are Hazardous, Report Finds
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00805-2

New York Times: Countries Tried to Curb Trade in Plastic Waste. The U.S. Is Shipping More.
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/12/climate/plastics-waste-export-ban.html

New York Times: There’s an Explosion of Plastic Waste. Big Companies Say ‘We’ve Got This.’
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/05/climate/plastic-recycling.html

NPR: How Big Oil Misled the Public Into Believing Plastic Would Be Recycled
https://www.npr.org/2020/09/11/897692090/how-big-oil-misled-the-public-into-believing-plastic-would-be-recycled

NRDC: Recycling Lies: “Chemical Recycling” of Plastic Is Just Greenwashing Incineration
https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/chemical-recycling-greenwashing-incineration-ib.pdf

Plastic Pollution Coalition: 157,000 Shipping Containers of U.S. Plastic Waste Exported to Countries With Poor Waste Management in 2018
https://www.plasticpollutioncoalition.org/blog/2019/3/6/157000-shipping-containers-of-us-plastic-waste-exported-to-countries-with-poor-waste-management-in-2018

PlastChem Report: State of the science on plastic chemicals
https://plastchem-project.org/

Plastics News: As Scrap Exports Drop, Will Plastics Recycling Rate Fall
https://www.plasticsnews.com/viewpoint/scrap-exports-drop-will-plastics-recycling-rate-fall

ProPublica: EPA Approved a Fuel Ingredient Even Though It Could Cause Cancer in Virtually Every Person Exposed Over a Lifetime
https://www.propublica.org/article/epa-approved-chevron-fuel-ingredient-cancer-risk-plastics-biofuel

ProPublica: The Most Detailed Map of Cancer-Causing Industrial Air Pollution in the U.S.
https://projects.propublica.org/toxmap/

The Guardian: Recycled Plastic Bottles Leach More Chemicals Into Drinks, Review Finds
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/mar/18/recycled-plastic-bottles-leach-more-chemicals-into-drinks-review-finds

The Intercept: Garbage In, Toxics Out
https://theintercept.com/2023/09/28/braven-plastic-recycling-toxic-waste/

Toxicological Sciences: Quantitation and Identification of Microplastics Accumulation in Human Placental Specimens Using Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/toxsci/kfae021/7609801

UN Environment Programme: Chemicals in Plastics
https://www.unep.org/resources/report/chemicals-plastics-technical-report

World Economic Forum: How Is the Growing Plastic Waste Problem Impacting America?
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/05/plastic-waste-generation-new-highs-us-report/

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